Exact and Asymptotic Weighted Logrank Tests for Interval Censored Data: The interval R Package

For right-censored data perhaps the most commonly used tests are weighted logrank tests, such as the logrank and Wilcoxon-type tests. In this paper we review several generalizations of those weighted logrank tests to interval-censored data and present an R package, interval, to implement many of them. The interval package depends on the perm package, also presented here, which performs exact and asymptotic linear permutation tests. The perm package performs many of the tests included in the already available coin package, and provides an independent validation of coin. We review analysis methods for interval-censored data, and we describe and show how to use the interval and perm packages.

Exact and Asymptotic Weighted Logrank Tests for Interval Censored Data: The interval R Package

For right-censored data perhaps the most commonly used tests are weighted logrank tests, such as the logrank and Wilcoxon-type tests. In this paper we review several generalizations of those weighted logrank tests to interval-censored data and present an R package, interval, to implement many of them. The interval package depends on the perm package, also presented here, which performs exact and asymptotic linear permutation tests. The perm package performs many of the tests included in the already available coin package, and provides an independent validation of coin. We review analysis methods for interval-censored data, and we describe and show how to use the interval and perm packages

Assessing the Risk of 100-year Freshwater Floods in the Lamprey River Watershed of New Hampshire Resulting from Changes in Climate and Land Use

What is the coastal resource issue the project sought to address? Both the magnitude and frequency of freshwater flooding is on the rise in seacoast NH and around much of New England. In the Great Bay watershed, this is the result of two primary causes: 1) increases in impervious surface stemming from a three-to-four fold increase in developed land since 1962; and 2) changing rainfall patterns in part exemplified by a doubling in the frequency of extreme weather events that drop more than 4 inches of precipitation in less than 48 hours (Wake et al., 2011) over the same time period. Moreover, the size of the 100-year precipitation event in this region has increased 26% from 6.3 inches to 8.5 inches from the mid 1950’s to 2010 (NRCC and NRCS, 2012). One consequence is the occurrence of three 100-year floods measured on the Lamprey River at Packers Falls since 1987, and a fourth if the three days of flooding in March of 2010 had occurred instead in two days (Figure 1). Flooding events are expected to continue to increase in magnitude and frequency as land in the watershed is further developed and climate continues to change in response to anthropogenic forcing (e.g., Hayhoe et el., 2007; IPCC, 2007; Karl et al., 2009). Land use management strategies, in particular low impact development (LID) zoning requirements, are one strategy that communities can employ for increased resiliency to flooding with the greatest influence in urban environments

Assessing the Risk of 100-year Freshwater Floods in the Lamprey River Watershed of New Hampshire Resulting from Changes in Climate and Land Use

What is the coastal resource issue the project sought to address? Both the magnitude and frequency of freshwater flooding is on the rise in seacoast NH and around much of New England. In the Great Bay watershed, this is the result of two primary causes: 1) increases in impervious surface stemming from a three-to-four fold increase in developed land since 1962; and 2) changing rainfall patterns in part exemplified by a doubling in the frequency of extreme weather events that drop more than 4 inches of precipitation in less than 48 hours (Wake et al., 2011) over the same time period. Moreover, the size of the 100-year precipitation event in this region has increased 26% from 6.3 inches to 8.5 inches from the mid 1950’s to 2010 (NRCC and NRCS, 2012). One consequence is the occurrence of three 100-year floods measured on the Lamprey River at Packers Falls since 1987, and a fourth if the three days of flooding in March of 2010 had occurred instead in two days (Figure 1). Flooding events are expected to continue to increase in magnitude and frequency as land in the watershed is further developed and climate continues to change in response to anthropogenic forcing (e.g., Hayhoe et el., 2007; IPCC, 2007; Karl et al., 2009). Land use management strategies, in particular low impact development (LID) zoning requirements, are one strategy that communities can employ for increased resiliency to flooding with the greatest influence in urban environments

Artemisinin-napthoquine Versus Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Adult Subjects with Plasmodium Vivax Infection

Background: This study was to compare the efficacy and safety between Artemisinin-Napthoquine (AN)as a single dose as well as an alternative drug, and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) as a three-daystandard regimen on P. vivax infection.Methods: This was an open randomized study performed during the period of April 2007- March 2008 inthree Armed Forces Hospitals in Jayapura, Papua Province, and one private hospital in Maumere, East NusaTenggara Province. This study was a part from previously published study for any malaria infection. Efficacywas the absence of clinical and parasitological malaria until day 42, performed as Adequate Clinical andParasitological Response (ACPR). Safety was performed based on adverse event in any day of follow upwhich never reported at day recruitment (d0).Results: This study analyses 158 P. vivax cases. A total 80 subjects were treated with AN and 78 with DHP.The median Parasite Clearance Estimator (PCE) was 2.32 (range: 1.42 – 7.78; Interquartile Range (IQR): 1.99– 2.82) hours in AN and 2.05 (range: 1.30 – 8.30; IQR: 1.82 – 2.46) hours in DHP group. The parasite clearancewas complete by 64 hours. The ACPR was 100% (95% Confidance Interval (CI): 95.2-100) in the AN, and100% (95% CI: 94.9-100) in the DHP group. Both drugs have similar mild and tolerated adverse events.Conclusions: Both drugs have similar efficacy and safety for the treatment of P. vivax in adults. AlthoughAN has took longer PCE compared to DHP, 100% clearance was achieved in both groups in 64 hours.(Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:92-8